The Emeter Papers

Introduction: Hubbard Goes To The Carnival... Some History

I don't have the books to quote, but up until the 30's and 40's it was still possible to find "electric shock machines" configured like the drug store scales - "Your weight for a Penny". These devices may have existed at the local drugstore when Hubbard was a kid, consisting of an insulating phenolic platform, with two round balls like the balls on the top of a staircase bannister... 5" in diameter mounted at the top on the right and left of the pedestal that the subject would place his/her hands on.

Electric shocks were considered therapeutic, and were quite a novelty for a while and there is no doubt in my mind that the perception of "relief" was accomplished by the induced release of endorphins [the human body's own pain killers, which bind at same sites in the brain as opium, heroin and morphine] from the induced cellular damage. I bet the "Old Man" [as L Ron Hubbard is referred to by members], when he was a child, came across these devices. I bet he stood on one, placed a penny in the slot, and held onto the round electrodes... and noted that he felt better.

Gordon Bell said he recalls those shock machines "being all over carnivals" and Alan Walters recalls seeing them when he was a kid "in railway stations and fun parks". I bet Hubbard remembered this when he met Volney Matheson, the inventor of the E-Meter; and I bet he hoped you would never read these conjectures today. I will try to find a picture of these devices. I recall seeing a drawing in an old ECS Correspondence school course book printed in 1934... Now just where did I place that treasure.....

Acknowlegement: First I want to thank Ralph Hilton, Alan Walters, CBW, and others for posing certain questions, that have caused me to look at this a bit more, and some more details [obvious details] are emerging, inserted below...

Summary of electrical charge given to the human body with the Hubbardian E-Meter:

However:

Note on a picture of the control panel of the Shock machine used in the famous Milgram Experiment - the smallest division on the board is 15 volts, so the Hubbardian E-Meter would be placed directly adjacent to "Slight Shock" on the board - thus the term "subliminal shock".
Diagram of Milgrim's Control Panel

My calculations equate 2 shocks of a 200Volt 2 second AC treatment with 2.5 hours spent on an emeter... and the medical docters using ECT use AC current, not DC...

2.2 volts across 5000 ohms end up with at 3600 seconds or 1 hour, that's 2.18 joules per hour.

Coulomb: A unit quantity of electricity. It is the quantity of electricity that must pass through a circuit to deposit 0.0011180 grams of silver from a solution of silver nitrate.

An ampere is one coulomb per second. A coulomb is also the quantity of electricity on the positive plate of a condenser [capacitor] of one farad capacity and the electromotive force is 1 volt.

The practical unit of current is the ampere, a transfer of one coulomb per second.

Definitions and Formulas: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1962 

Bjorn Nordenstrom in
Biologically Closed
Electric Circuits, page 327:

"In the author's opinion, endogenous activation of BCEC systems,
leading to unidirectional flow of current over long time periods,
may lead to modification of cells and tissues.  Strong currents
will destroy cells and tissue. Weak currents, on the other hand,
will gently create new internal and external environments for
cells. The currents will also directly interfere with cellular
metabolism and modify structural elements of cells, damage to
structures e.g. the DNA molecule, is evidently one possible
effect of such modifications. Cells subjected to the conditions
described can be expected to show variable abilities to survive
and adapt themselves to the new living conditions."

pointer to index page is here:

Nordic Medical Publications, Sweden, 1982

Some Questions by Readers:

Homer says:

Most of this energy from the meter travels in the surface of your
skin, as a closed surface such as your arm or body is not capable
of holding a charge inside its volume, the electrons all repel
each other and go to the surface.

Arnie says:

You are ASSUMING facts not in evidence when you state: "Most of
this energy from the meter travels in the surface" show me the
evidence to support your surface claim, this would only apply
ahhh you may be confusing the "Radio Frequency "Skin Effect"

that only applies at frequencies above 1 Megahertz - we are
dealing with direct current here. So there is no skin effect..
yes that is it...., skin is an insulator, that is WHY large
surface area electrodes [CANS} are used in order to place as much
SKIN in parallel so that the overall resistance and influence of
the skin is reduced. Skin itself is a dielectric, an insulator,
it is the outer and first layer of insulation that isolates the
internal circuitry of the body the use of large surface area
'cans' bypasses this safety configuration of the human body at
low voltages The HIGH voltage of ECT machines applied to a small
area also effectively bypasses this safety function - only it
does it by brute force instead of subtler hubbardian means of
increased surface area....

Skin is famous for being one of the three pathways for sensory
information going into the body - Skin, Hearing, eyes [taste and
smell are basically skin too...] and certain parts of the human
body are famous for having more nerve endings, nerve wiring
electrical connections if you will than othersone of the densest
nerve areas of human skin, are the finger tips and hands - -

If my purpose, was to induce electric flow into the human nervous
system what what I do?

The internal wiring from the left hand the nerve bundles, which
are designed as cellular semiconductor transmission lines and are
insulated with mylen sheathing except where they TERMINATE! at
the sensory tactile cell as well as the target site in the brain.
In your fingertips holding those cans, those nerve bundles travel
up your arm to your spine to the brain. Then from the other side
of the brain, down the other side of the spinal cord to the right
arm to the other can/electrode.

Scared yet? I'd prefer to think about something else as this
implies a level of sophistication and intent that I find, when I
consider it gives me a very ill feeling ...

Arnie Lerma

Question:

Although there are a few terms in the above I don't understand it
does seem to indicate that the effect is related to unidirectional
current flow. Does the research suggest that a.c. would not be
dangerous? If so it is not that difficult to electronically
reverse the polarity of the cans at a few hundred Hz. Would this
eliminate the concerns? I could also lower the voltage across the
cans quite a bit. What would be a voltage that is considered safe?

Arnie says:

I cannot determine whether ac instead of dc would be a solution.
One would have to know the time constant - of the electrochemical
internal changes, - I cant determine this from material I've read.
I was hoping that bringing this material to the attention of the
net might spur someone more qualified to pursue this. I don't know
there is a safe exposure.. when the exposure is repeated, for
thousands of hours, over a lifetime..

Question:

Neither of the above changes have been tested and I would
anticipate that lowering the voltage considerably would increase
the effect of spurious reads being produced by electrochemical
reactions in the hand.

Arnie says:

The hand interface induced 'noise' would not be so much the
problem as would be the shift from steady state hand to hand
[whatever path the current is going - ] resistance readings due to
reading the body generated currents used to induce muscles to
move...

Question:

It is possible that using an alternating current across the
electrodes would reduce the sensitivity as one would no longer
have a polarization of the interstitial fluid which is apparently
the main conductor of the current flowing between the electrodes.

Arnie says:

In another section Nordenstrom describes a precipitation effect
observable microscopically - of calcium and magnesium [ as in
hubbard's cal-mag !! ]precipitating into tiny crystals of apatite
[ the stuff teeth are made of ] in the spaces in and around cells -
this effect is observed when current flows in one direction for a
length of time and then it becomes reversed - as in - happening to
pick up the cans the other way around... If the path is towards
lowering the applied voltage - be advised that the body itself,
and Im taking this only as an example of the fact, creates
localized potential differences of a measured 200 microvolts
around certain types of cancer tumors.. page 322 Nordenstrom

and then digest this:

"3. Calcifications in tissue The accumulation of calcium in
injured tissue is a particularly common and easily recognized
manifestation of transport of permeable ions. Deposition of
calcium is often seen after traumatic bleeding in skin, muscles,
vessels, brain, etc. Calcium is also commonly deposited in tissue
after injuries by heat, chemicals and microorganisms."

Four paragraphs of dense electrochemical talk follow.... which
describe how when there is an area of localized tissue damage -
there develops a measurable potential [ voltage ] difference
between the center of the damaged area and the surrounding normal
tissue - which is thought to induce the precipitation of calcium
and magnesium ions as part of the healing process. The voltages
developed by the human body are in the 20 to 200 mv range in order
to effect these physical changes. this section ends with the
following paragraph: [my explanations in brackets] "This concept
of the existence of calcium (calcinosis reparativa) in tissues was
also tested in vitro [in a test tube on tissue using external
current ] in experiments to produce microcalcifications in adipose
tissue (Chapter XVI, Section @, Page 259).Unidirectional current
[DC in one direction] produced intracellular [inside individual
cells!] matrices which, after reversal of the direction of current
[ you know, like you picked up the e meter cans the other way ]
served as targets for the precipitation of calcium. The resulting
calcified structures appear the same as micro calcifications in
breast tissue [noted around tumors]."

Is anybody else scared yet?

Monotony and the Trance State

another thought - if a monotonous, repetitive tone, a swinging shiny watch, a ticking metronome... is needed to quickly create a trance...

What is the most monotonous tone of all?

Albeit it's a steady, low, DC current... and that is the source of the trance state in scientology.

One of the strangely familiar characteristics of DC current - and one of the reasons electricity was considered too dangerous to distribute to the public - was that when a person is shocked by direct current, the current itself override the brains electric commands to LET GO... so the person fries quickly... as his muscles lock up... Holding whatever is shocking him...

Alternating current, however, passes through ZERO volts every 120th of a second - so there is a time when the brain's command to let go can operate... An old Navy engineer named Duke told be about this danger of DC when I was working on the Bolivar...

And we all ask, why is it so hard for folks to LET GO of Scientology...

Arnie says:

as far as tech haters, if it produces human betterment great... I want it. If it is merely entrancing me into a state where I think I am better.... no... that is not enough, and if it is merely inducing an addicting pattern of endorphine release which may be clouding the real results that was promised from scientology's "tech.... "

Secrets are the mortar binding bricks as lies together into prisons for the mind.

What really are BT's [body thetans] and Clusters as described in the "secret" upper levels?

The following is a stretch from what I currently have certainty on, however it does offer an explanation to the apparancy of entities found in the secret upper level teachings [which I am enjoined from posting here due to 1.7 million in litigation in RTC vs Lerma].

I have theorized that the apparancy of BT's [Body Thetans, an apparancy of entities that are purportedly dealt with at the upper levels of Scientology, from whence the "space cooties" slogan comes from] are in fact - build ups of the cal mag in crystalline apatite form [as in teeth] from using the e-meter for too long around nerve conduit ends.

Dr. Nordenstrom discusses this precipitation of appatite specifically saying that Ca and Mg form cyrstalline structures in tissue after one has applied low voltage DC for a while in one direction, and then IT IS REVERSED!

This reversal is exactly what often happens when you pick up the emeter cans again after a session break.

One can is POSITIVE and one is NEGATIVE but he never tells you that.

Is this is why in the [secret] upper level stuff, you have to hold the cans for hundreds of hours for them to "appear"....?

Perhaps it's got nothing to do with "awareness level" or "charge off case" as purported in Hubbardian cosmic dogma.

So, these entities might just "appear" if you held the cans long enough...!

I bet they would even read as "charged items" on the lie detector meter used by scientology.

This effect was mentioned by Nordenstrom as specific to "when it is reversed." Referring to this precipitation, I bet a group of inflamed nerve endings would look like a "Cluster".

On sensitive x-ray photographs, these calcified structures should be apparant, the next time someone dies in scientology perhaps authorities will specifically look for these structures... perhaps this is one of the reasons Scientology has dead scientologists cremated..as they did with Lisa McPherson, or Hubbard himself, purporting that this is part of the "religion" - it is NOT, it is a fabrication to cover up the truth just as the rest of Scientology is.

And Hubbard advocated Cal Mag formula for scientologists...

no wonder they are cremating the bodies...

 

Comparison of Emeter and NeuroTech 2000 "tens" unit

I was recently sent a "BMR Neurotech 2000" "Tens" unit, this is a device for supplying a pulsing electric charge between 4 small contact electrodes. It is used to provide pain relief from painful muscles or joints. I hooked this thing up to a Hitachi Ocsilliscope and spend 30 minutes measuring it's output. After taking detailed measurements, I foundon page 8 of its user manual, the same data I had just measured.

This device, provides a .03 millisecond pulse at approx 200 milliamps and provides 100 pulses per second  

Lets do total time over one second that this delivers 200 milliamps  .03 milliseconds X 100 pulses per sec = 3 milliseconds or .003 seconds    

.003 seconds per second of 200 MA    

.003 x 60 seconds =  .180 seconds per minute  

 .180 seconds x 60  =  10.8 seconds per hour    

10.8 x 2.5 =  27 seconds or 1/2 minute at 200 ma per 2.5 hours    

.5 minutes x .200 Amps  =   .1 coulomb!   for each pair of electrodes     

The equivalent total charge into the body in coulombs over 2.5 hours [ maximum exposure recammended is 20 minutes...you cannot use it more than that without a manual reset ]   =   are you ready for this?    { counting current supplied by TWO sets of electrodes simultaneously }

.2   yes point two, 1/5th of the total minimum charge provided by the emeter       

Measurments confirm devices own ratings on page 8   -   I measured .03 msec pules at 25 Volts out which is start of RED zone...   but the pulse width!   you only get  .03 milliseconds per second of actual V out   the emeter though lower current provides 1 second per second - DC...  

The charge transfer in coulombs is .2!        

Emeter calcs taken at best case minimum    

.0001 AMP x 2.5 hours    .0001  x  60 x 60 x 2.5 = .9      

so emeter yields 5 X the current of this tens unit which  bears label:

"In the united states of america, federal law restricts this device to sale or use by or on the order of a physician or other practitioner licensed by the laws of the state in which he/she practices"  

 

Email from an OT:

Dear Arnie,

Thanks for the interesting email regarding bt's.
I have done over 1500 hours of auditing out these apparencies. One
theory I have been entertaining is that the slow-flow of current
through the body in mostly the same direction acts like stroking a
magnet across iron filings and aligns the cells to give some
aligned effect which could act as a kind of antenna to pull in
entities or negative thought masses from the environment which the
have to be expensively audited out. When on a program of doing
this kind of auditing I felt a strange anxiety very often that I
was attracting bt's even when not in session. The auditing with
the meter seemed to be adding to my "case" even while getting
stuff audited out. Since leaving the cult this has dropped away
with not being on the soup cans and I have felt better and better
with less and less bt anxiety too.

My theories may or may not be of interest to you, but I thought I
would add in my 2 cents.

All the best,
[from an OT] who did entire scientology 'bridge'

For Additional Information:

Emeter Legal Cases, Government Reports, and Miscellania
Note: in 1971, when the cited cases were heard, there was no clue about electrical characteristics of the human body.
Calculations for emeter
"Electric Shock, Unsafe at any Voltage"
From: The Handbook for Electronic Safety Procedures
Linking Electrical Currents and Cancer Growth
From: "Cross Currents" by Robert O. Becker, MD
Warnings for use
For a device with a similar current density - instead of using a large surface area [emeter "can" electrode], it solves the skin impedance problem by using a pulsed waveform - though currents used are in the same range as the emeter. Note when looking at this page - the contraindications - presence of topical substances containing metal ions.

This is what the metal electrodes used in scientology are!!

This manufacturer uses carbon rubber electrodes.... no metal ions to migrate into the body.
American Academy of Pain Management
"Pomerantz (1981) has also shown by naloxone blocking studies that endorphins are only released at PRR settings of 8 Hertz or less."
Daniel L. Kirsch, Ph.D. Fred N. Lerner, Ph.D.
Addition information for the CellStim Unit

Please email arnie lerma with opinion and insight re this topic.

Nordentrom, a 'Radiologist' whose gift was interpretingx-ray 
imagery, was originally led to research theelectric 
and dielectric {insulating ] properties of biological systems
[he calls human bodies, 'biological systems'] because of an 
oddity noted on x-rays taken of cancerous tumors oftimes 
displayedas very faintly visible 'corona' - a ring a few 
diameters in size beyond the edge of an area of CANCER. 

These faint 'corona structures' had been considered as 
somekind of non-significant artifact. He noted the PATTERN 
on various x-ray images His collegues dismissed this faint 
pattern as being an artifactwithout signficance. He 
investigated, and found the rings seen around compact 
cancer tumors were spherical rings of precipitated
calcium-magnesium crystals - other wise known as 'apatite' 
by its mineral name, the stuff your teeth are made of.

He then tryed to determine what would cause
such a classic precipitation, and probed tumors and the 
surrounding tissues for electrical potentials 
[ to explain this precipitationof calcium magnesium complex ]
What he discovered is that compared to surrounding tissues 
-cancers develop a measurable potential difference.
A difference of less than .5 volt... 

He theorized that they use this potential difference to 
survive in the body - because it is this potential 
difference the keeps the white cells of the bodies 
immune system AWAY from the cancer so it can grow ...
He found that by inserting a fine wire into a tumor 
itself and nullifying this potential difference by 
application ofan external DC potential, he was able 
to attract the body's immune cells to the tumor to 
attack it. It is also the faint electrical charge 
generated by your own nervous system at a location of 
physical damage that initiates the healing process 

-Now whether or not the E-meter subtlely influences
 your brain and is a contributory hidden special effect 
{EFX} inL Ron Hubbard's side show cult is not so important
as the fundamental discoveries of Bjorn Nordenstrom

The implications of his discoveries are going to change 
medicine forever. And that alone will help more people 
than Scientology has ever "destroyed utterly"

 

From 1998 (c) Newset book by Nordenstrom:

"Electrical or electromagnetic stimulation has been shown to
reduce pain."

"The difference between a cell that is alive or healthy and one
that is dead or dying, is essentially the amount of ATP energy it
can utilize for any purposes it chooses."

"One study showed that a current of 500 Microamperes can raise
ATP levels almost 500% as judged by increased protein synthesis
and intracellular influx of calcium. In another study of excised
tendon tissue, seven microamperes produced a 255% increase in
hydroxproline uptake, with microscopic confirmation of accelerated
tissue repair and regeneration. The ability of microstimulation to
boost ATP levels and influence ionic flux in muscle, nerve, brain,
pancreatic, and other cells, could explain such variegated
rewards, since the manifestations of ATP deficiency would be
difference for each of these."


Exploring BCEC Systems Bjorn Nordenstrom 1998 Nordic Medical
Publications, page 102

"It is easy to visualize small peptide peptide messengers fitting
into into specialized receptor sites, and scientists have
increasingly tried to explain how mood, behavior, cravings, and
responses to stress are mediated by neurotransmitters like
serotonin, dopamine, nor-epinephrine, and the endorphins. Various
clinical states seem to correlate with their levels, or the
availability of locks they can open by chemical rather than
physical means. However, in the final analysis, all these messages
are transmitted by means of infinitesimally weak energy transfers
that occur at an atomic level. It is increasingly apparent that
the cell wall is more than a protective shield studded with
receptor sites for molecules like antibodies and small
neuropeptites. Rather, it is emerging as a powerful signal
amplifier that provides an interactive window through which the
cell senses and responds to its environment. Some substances can
pass freely back and forth through specified channels, but for
others, it is an impenetrable barrier. A 1991 Nobel Prize was
awarded to Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann for demonstrating that
cell walls contain "voltage dependent" channels that are selective
for different ions. When activated by a specific neurotransmitter,
a sudden change in electrical potential between exterior and
interior of the cell allows a new channel to open for a few
thousands of  a second, during which millions of ions can pass
back and forth. Their innovative patch clamp technique made it
possible to detect currents of a trillionth of an ampere.

Could cell membranes have receptor sites for such weak signals
that produce the same effect as molecules? Electrical stimulation
of highly specific sites in the pain pathway produces analgesia,
as does microinjection of morphine at these same locations.

Combining amounts of morphine or electrical stimulation that alone
are too weak to reduce pain has a synergistic effect that does
produce analgesia. This implies that the mechanisms responsible
are identical..."



        "The scientist does not study nature because it is useful;
                he studies it because he delights in it,
              and he delights in it because it is beautiful.

                      If it were not beautiful,
                   it would not be worth knowing,
                and if nature were not worth knowing,
                  life would not be worth living."





Paul J Rosch M.D. F.A.C.P.
President, the American Institute of Stress;
Clinical Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry,
New York Medical College, University of Maryland School of Medicine
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